Population exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by 'communicating meters'
Exposition de la population aux champs électromagnétiques émis par les « compteurs communicants »
Résumé
This document first presents the opinion of the Anses (the French National Agency for food, environment and work safety) about the assessment of the exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by communicating meters. This opinion and some associated recommendations are based on the content of the study report which is thereafter presented. This report first proposes a presentation of the context, objective, implemented method and organisation of this study, and a focus on how interest conflicts have been avoided. The next chapters presents some other aspects related to the deployment of these meters: European and French legal framework, normative framework, historical overview and current status of this deployment in France, in the European Union and abroad. The report also addresses and comments some controversies about these meters: the public controversy about Linky in France (literature overview, nature and actors of the controversy, dynamics about health issue), a legal conflict about the ownership and management of the Linky meters in France, and a case of controversy in Quebec (Canada). Technical descriptions of different communicating meters are then presented: Linky with the CPL or PLC technology, and Gazpar and water meters using a radio technology. The authors report measurements performed by EDF, public bodies and other actors, and also measurements performed in Finland of the exposure in the case of PLC meters, radio-wave-based meters and concentrators. Based on these exposure data, an assessment of health effect is proposed, followed by conclusions and recommendations
Mots clés
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
EUROPEAN UNION
FINLAND
FRANCE
FRENCH ORGANIZATIONS
LEGAL ASPECTS
POWER METERS
QUEBEC
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATION HAZARDS
RADIATION PROTECTION
RADIO EQUIPMENT
RADIOSENSITIVITY
RECOMMENDATIONS
REMOTE CONTROL
RISK ASSESSMENT
SAFETY ANALYSIS
SAFETY REPORTS
TELEMETRY
CANADA
COMMUNICATIONS
CONTROL
DATA TRANSMISSION
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
ELECTRIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT
EUROPE
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
METERS
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
NORTH AMERICA
RADIATIONS
SCANDINAVIA
SENSITIVITY
WESTERN EUROPE
